Privacy & Information Security Law Blog

Patrick Gunning from King & Wood Mallesons reports that, on November 2, 2023, the Australian Information Commissioner filed proceedings in the Federal Court of Australia against Australian Clinical Labs Limited seeking a civil penalty (i.e., a fine) in connection with the company’s response to a data breach that occurred in February 2022. The case is significant because: (1) it is only the second time that the Australian regulator has brought court proceedings of this kind despite having the power to do so since 2014; and (2) it signals the regulator’s priority in ensuring that cybersecurity incidents are responded to swiftly. The Australian legislature increased maximum penalties for ‘serious’ contraventions of the Privacy Act with effect from December 2022 to at least A$50 million. However, the maximum penalty available in this case will be A$2.2 million because the company’s conduct occurred prior to December 2022.

On August 24, 2023, 12 data protection authorities published a joint statement calling for the protection of personal data from unlawful data scraping. The statement was issued by the authorities of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Colombia, Hong Kong, Jersey, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland and the UK. The joint statement reminds organizations that personal data that is publicly accessible is still subject to data protection and privacy laws in most jurisdictions, and highlights the risks facing such data, including increased risk of social engineering or phishing attacks, identify fraud, and unwanted direct marketing or spam.

On November 23, 2018, both Australia and Chinese Taipei joined the APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules (“CBPR”) system. The system is a regional multilateral cross-border transfer mechanism and an enforceable privacy code of conduct and certification developed for businesses by the 21 APEC member economies.

On November 23, 2017, the Australian Attorney-General’s Department announced that it will move forward with an application to participate in the APEC Cross Border Privacy Rules (“CBPR”) system. The announcement follows comments received from a July 2017 consultation by the Australian Government regarding the implications of Australia’s possible participation in the system. Over the next months, the Attorney-General’s Department will work with the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner and businesses to implement the CBPR system requirements.

On February 13, 2017, the Parliament of Australia passed legislation that amends the Privacy Act of 1988 (the “Privacy Act”) and requires companies with revenue over $3 million AUD ($2.3 million USD) to notify affected Australian residents and the Australian Information Commissioner (the “Commissioner”) in the event of an “eligible data breach.”

On February 11, 2015, the International Association of Privacy Professionals Australian New Zealand (“iappANZ”) will host a discussion on the risk-based approach to privacy in Sydney, Australia. Richard Thomas, Global Strategy Advisor for the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams (the “Centre”), will present the Centre’s contributions to this topic including the outcomes from the workshops held in Paris and Brussels. Other guest speakers include Timothy Pilgrim, Australian Privacy Commissioner; Dr. Elizabeth Coombs, New South Wales Privacy Commissioner; and Olga Ganopolsky, General Counsel of Privacy and Data at Macquarie Group Limited. Together, they will discuss the benefits and challenges of a risk-based approach and the implications for businesses and regulators.

On August 6-10, 2014, the APEC Data Privacy Subgroup (“DPS”) and its parent committee, the Electronic Commerce Steering Group (“ECSG”), met in Beijing, China, for another round of negotiations, meetings and workshops. The Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams participated as part of the U.S. delegation. The principal focus of the meetings was again on the further implementation of the APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules (“CBPR”) system and related work relevant to cross-border interoperability. The following is a summary of highlights and outcomes from the meetings:

On March 20, 2014, Australia’s Privacy Amendment (Privacy Alerts) Bill 2014 was re-introduced in the Senate for a first read. The bill, which was subject to a second reading debate on March 27, 2014, originally was introduced on May 29, 2013, but it lapsed on November 12, 2013 at the end of the session.

On May 29, 2013, a bill, accompanied by an explanatory memorandum, was proposed in the Australian Parliament that requires businesses and government agencies that experience a serious data breach to notify affected individuals and the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (“OAIC”). The proposed legislation requires organizations to notify individuals only when they are “significantly affected” by a “serious” data breach. Breaches that merely pose a “remote risk” of harm would not require notification. The factors organizations should assess when determining whether a breach is “serious” include: (1) harm to a person’s reputation, (2) economic harm, (3) financial harm, and (4) physical and psychological harm. Additionally, the bill specifies that implementing regulations may identify other situations that would require notification even if the breach does not give rise to a risk of serious harm. Organizations should notify affected individuals through the normal method of communication they have previously used to communicate with those individuals. Absent a normal method of prior communication, organizations must take reasonable steps to notify the affected individuals via email, telephone or postal mail. If passed, the legislation would become effective in March 2014.

On March 5, 2013, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) announced that the French High Council for Statutory Auditors (“H3C”) and the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) signed a Statement of Protocol (the “Protocol”) on January 31, 2013, to govern the exchange of information, including personal data, between them.

Reporting from Australia, former Australian Privacy Commissioner Malcolm Crompton, Managing Director of Information Integrity Solutions Pty Ltd (“IIS”), writes:

The Australian Privacy Amendment (Enhancing Privacy Protection) Act 2012 (the “Act”) will make significant changes to the Privacy Act 1988. It’s early days for the changes and the impact for organizations will depend on their circumstances. Over the next 15 months we expect to see a range of guidance material from the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner.

On July 12, 2012, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (“NTIA”) of the U.S. Department of Commerce initiated a multistakeholder process to develop guidance for transparency in the mobile environment. The NTIA has announced that they will schedule a second meeting in August, and encouraged small group discussions in the interim. This is not the first multistakeholder process to wrestle with transparency in the mobile environment, and those previous efforts – which date back almost a decade – may prove useful to such discussions.

On May 2, 2012, Australia’s Attorney General Nicola Roxon announced that the Australian government will introduce a bill to the Australian Parliament that will enact a number of the recommendations from the 2008 Law Reform Commission Report (ALRC Report 108) and reform privacy law in Australia. Discussion drafts of segments of the bill were considered by a Senate Committee in 2011. On May 4, Australian Privacy Commissioner Timothy Pilgrim presented an overview of the draft legislation at an event held during the iappANZ Privacy Awareness Week. Commissioner Pilgrim noted that the legislative package includes:

On November 2-3, 2011, Mexico’s Federal Institute for Access to Information and Data Protection (“IFAI”) will host the 33rd International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners in Mexico City. Marty Abrams, President of the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams LLP, is the chairman of the Conference’s advisory panel and principal advisor to Conference organizers on program content. Hunton & Williams is a proud sponsor of the event which will feature Hunton representatives as speakers or moderators on multiple panels and plenary sessions, including the following:

The Australian government recently released an exposure draft of legislation that would fundamentally reform the Australian Privacy Act and would unify public and private sector privacy principles.  The exposure draft includes thirteen principles intended to protect individuals from the risks associated with the sharing of personal information.

Of particular interest to the international business community, Principle 8 addresses the cross-border disclosure of personal information.  The principle states that an entity must take reasonable steps to ensure that an overseas recipient does not breach the Australian Privacy Principles with respect to personal information being disclosed, but provides an exception if the entity reasonably believes that (i) the recipient of the information is subject to a law or binding scheme that provides protection that is substantially similar to protections provided by the Australian Privacy Principles, and (ii) there are mechanisms available for affected individuals to enforce such protection.

On October 14, 2009, the Australian government released a report entitled “Enhancing National Privacy Protection” that contains proposed reforms to Australia’s privacy laws, including the Privacy Act 1988 (“Privacy Act”).  In announcing the report, Cabinet Secretary and Special Minister of State Joe Ludwig stated that the reforms aim to “provide for one set of streamlined Privacy Principles for Australian Government agencies and private sector organizations which will provide greater clarity and cut red tape.”  The report comprises the first stage of a two-stage response to a report issued by the Australian Law Reform Commission (“ALRC”) in 2008 that contained 295 recommendations to revise Australian privacy laws and practices.