Privacy & Information Security Law Blog

On April 6, 2016, the Federal Trade Commission formally welcomed the updated Recommendation on Consumer Protection in E-commerce (the “Recommendation”) issued by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) on March 24, 2016, endorsing the Recommendation’s broadened scope and increased consumer protections that “are designed to strengthen consumers’ trust in the expanding electronic marketplace.”

From January 30 to February 3, 2015, the APEC Data Privacy Subgroup (“DPS”) and its parent committee, the Electronic Commerce Steering Group (“ECSG”), met in Subic Bay, Philippines, for another round of negotiations and meetings. The Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams participated as part of the U.S. delegation. The principal focus of the meetings was implementing the APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules (“CBPR”) system, developing a corollary APEC recognition mechanism for information processors, related work relevant to cross-border interoperability, and updating the APEC Privacy Framework. The following is a summary of highlights and outcomes from the meetings.

Former UK Information Commissioner and Centre for Information Policy Leadership (the “Centre”) Global Strategy Advisor Richard Thomas was invited to make a presentation at a roundtable on Privacy Risk Management and Next Steps at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (“OECD’s”) 37th meeting of the Working Party on Security and Privacy in the Digital Economy (“Working Party”). The meeting was attended by governmental and regulatory officials from most OECD member countries, with various other participants and observers.

At the International Association of Privacy Professionals’ (“IAPP’s”) recent Europe Data Protection Congress in Brussels, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams (the “Centre”) led two panels on the risk-based approach to privacy as a tool for implementing existing privacy principles more effectively and on codes of conduct as a means for creating interoperability between different privacy regimes.

During the October 14, 2014 closed session of the 36th International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners (the “Conference”) held in Balaclava, Mauritius, the host, the Data Protection Office of Mauritius, and member authorities of the Conference issued the “Mauritius Declaration on the Internet of Things,” and four new resolutions – a “Resolution on Accreditation” of new members, a “Resolution on Big Data,” a “Resolution on enforcement cooperation,” and a “Resolution on Privacy in the digital age.” Brief summaries of each of these documents are below.

On September 9, 2013, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) published its revised guidelines governing the protection of privacy and transborder flows of personal data (the “Revised Guidelines”), updating the OECD’s original guidelines from 1980 that became the first set of accepted international privacy principles.

On December 19, 2012, the European Commission announced its formal recognition of personal data protection in New Zealand. The European Commission approved New Zealand’s status as a country that provides “adequate protection”  of personal data under the European Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC. This determination means that personal information from Europe may flow freely to New Zealand.  Although the law in New Zealand has been modernized over the years, it is not new.  New Zealand will be celebrating the 25th anniversary of its data protection law in 2013. Furthermore, New Zealand has been very active in the development of international standards at the OECD and APEC, and has participated in initiatives such as the Global Accountability Project. New Zealand’s request to be deemed adequate has been pending for several years. This determination follows the positive Opinion of the Article 29 Working Party issued on April 4, 2011, concerning the level of protection under New Zealand’s law.

As policymakers around the world consider revisions to existing privacy and data protection law, they often refer to “interoperability” as a mechanism to facilitate the flow of data across national and regional borders. Reports released this year by the Obama Administration and the Federal Trade Commission recognize the value of interoperability to the growth of the digital economy and improving privacy compliance. Principles underlying the APEC framework would support a system for transferring data across APEC economies, and the OECD has acknowledged that regulatory authorities worldwide share the responsibility of promoting the protection of cross-border data flows. But although interoperability is expected to help lower barriers to data transfers, simplify compliance and protect individuals’ rights, there has been little discussion of how interoperability would work in practice.

As we previously reported, on May 3-4, 2012, the European data protection authorities’ (“DPAs’”) Spring Conference was held in Luxembourg, and the Data Protection Commissioners closed the conference by issuing a resolution on European data protection reform. In their resolution, the Data Protection Commissioners expressed general satisfaction with the ongoing modernization of the data protection frameworks of the European Union, the Council of Europe and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

On March 26, 2012, the Federal Trade Commission issued a new privacy report entitled “Protecting Consumer Privacy in an Era of Rapid Change: A Proposed Framework for Businesses and Policymakers.” The report charts a path forward for companies to act in the interest of protecting consumer privacy.

In his introductory remarks, FTC Chairman Jon Leibowitz indicated his support for Do Not Track stating, “Simply put, your computer is your property; no one has the right to put anything on it that you don’t want.” In later comments he predicted that if effective Do Not Track mechanisms are not available by the end of this year, the new Congress likely would introduce a legislative solution.

As reported in BNA’s Privacy Law Watch, EU Member States are working on an overarching privacy framework agreement with the United States. The framework agreement, which may be used as a starting point for future negotiations, aims to reduce the amount of time and resources required to prepare new agreements between the European Union and the United States.

On September 21, 2011, the board of the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) elected Isabelle Falque-Pierrotin as its new Chair, following Alex Türk’s resignation which he officially tendered at the board meeting.

On June 28-30, 2011, the Council of Europe’s Bureau of the Consultative Committee of the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Automatic Processing of Personal Data (known as the “T-PD-Bureau”) met in Strasbourg, France, to discuss, among other things, amending the Council of Europe’s Convention 108.  Convention 108, which underlies the European Union’s legal framework for data protection, is the only legally-binding international convention that addresses data protection.  Amendment of the Convention is thus closely linked to the current review of the EU data protection framework, and many of the same actors are involved in both exercises.

On June 24, 2011, the U.S. Department of Commerce’s International Trade Administration released a PowerPoint presentation on Mexico’s new private sector data protection law that was shared at a meeting of the OECD Working Party on Information Security and Privacy by Mexico’s Ministry of Economy and Federal Institute for Access to Information and Data Protection (“IFAI”).  The presentation provides guidance on the creation of privacy notices and establishment of self-regulatory schemes, and also outlines the responsibilities of the Ministry of Economy and the IFAI ...

On May 26, 2011, the United Kingdom’s Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice Kenneth Clarke spoke before the EU Committee of the British Chamber of Commerce in Belgium.  His remarks focused on data protection, a subject he characterized as one “heavily on the agenda” in Brussels and in many EU Member States.  Clarke emphasized his own role as a proponent of data protection and a defender of civil liberties and individual freedom, and discussed the introduction into Parliament of a major bill to enhance individual freedom in the UK.  Key measures in the bill, many of which respond to issues raised over the past few years by the UK Information Commissioner, include:

• Greater independence for the Information Commissioner
• Safeguards against misuse of counter-terrorism stop and search powers
• Further regulation of the use of closed-circuit television monitoring
• Reform of the regulations governing vetting and barring of ex-offenders and persons working with children and vulnerable adults

On January 28, 2011, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams LLP filed comments with the United States Department of Commerce in which the Centre stressed privacy governance based on data stewardship by accountable organizations.  The Centre was one of a number of organizations that submitted comments in response to the Department of Commerce’s privacy paper, “Commercial Data Privacy and Innovation in the Internet Economy: A Dynamic Policy Framework,” which was released in December 2010.  The theme of today’s comments is similar to that which the Centre suggested earlier this month in its comments responding to the European Commission’s consultation paper.

As previously reported, on December 16, 2010, the U.S. Department of Commerce released its Green Paper “aimed at promoting consumer privacy online while ensuring the Internet remains a platform that spurs innovation, job creation, and economic growth.”

During a press teleconference earlier that morning announcing the release of the Green Paper, Secretary Gary Locke commented on the Green Paper’s recommendation of adopting a baseline commercial data privacy framework, or a “privacy bill of rights,” built on an expanded, revitalized set of Fair Information Practice Principles (“FIPPs”).  He indicated that baseline FIPPs would respond to consumer concerns and help increase consumer trust.  The Secretary emphasized that the Department of Commerce would look to stakeholders to help flesh out appropriate frameworks for specific industry sectors and various types of data processing.  He also noted that the agency is soliciting comments on how best to give the framework the “teeth” necessary to make it effective.  The Secretary added that the Department of Commerce is also open to public comment regarding whether the framework should be enforced through legislation or simply by conferring power on the Federal Trade Commission.

On November 15, 2010, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership filed comments with the Department of Commerce in response to the Department’s Notice of Inquiry (“NOI”) on the Global Free Flow of Information on the Internet.  The NOI was issued pursuant to an examination by the Department’s Internet Policy Task Force of issues related to restrictions on information flows on the Internet.  The NOI poses wide-ranging questions related to why such restrictions were instituted; the impact restrictions may have on innovation, economic development, global trade and investment; and how best to deal with any negative effects.  In the NOI, the Department acknowledges the benefits that businesses, emerging entrepreneurs and consumers derive from the ability to transmit information quickly and efficiently both domestically and internationally.  It also recognizes the integral role the free flow of information plays in promoting economic growth and democratic values essential to free markets and free societies.  The Department also articulated goals such as helping industry and other stakeholders operate in diverse Internet environments, and identifying policies that will advance economic growth and create job opportunities for Americans.

On September 29, 2010, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (the “Centre”) hosted a pre-conference workshop at the International Association of Privacy Professionals (”IAPP”) Privacy Academy in Baltimore, Maryland.  The tutorial “Accountability on the Ground,” led by Centre Executive Director Marty Abrams, offered practical guidance on the subject of accountability.  The workshop, which featured presentations by Centre member companies, discussed in-depth examples of how organizations can implement an accountability program.

The United States Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") recently joined forces with privacy authorities from eleven other countries to launch the Global Privacy Enforcement Network ("GPEN"), which aims to promote cross-border information sharing and enforcement of privacy laws.  On September 21, 2010, GPEN unveiled its new website, www.privacyenforcement.net, designed to educate the public about the network.  The GPEN website, which is supported by the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development ("OECD"), provides guidelines and application instructions for ...

The Madrid Resolution on global standards provided new momentum behind the concept of one world, one standard for privacy in international commerce.  New Zealand Privacy Commissioner Marie Shroff is one of the thoughtful officials who has joined in the call for a global framework.  Commissioner Shroff discussed her views on global standards in an interview with Marty Abrams during the Centre for Information Policy Leadership’s First Friday Call on April 9, 2010.

Justice Michael Kirby was invited by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (the “OECD”) to open the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the adoption of the OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data.  Justice Kirby led the group of experts who worked from 1978-1980 to develop the Guidelines, which have formed the basis of modern privacy and data protection law.

In 1980, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) first published privacy guidelines that included an accountability principle.  Since that time, little work has been done to define accountability or to describe what it means for organizations to be accountable for the responsible use and protection of data.  In an effort to fill that gap, The Centre for Information Policy Leadership has authored “Data Protection Accountability: The Essential Elements” which articulates the conditions organizations would have to meet to be accountable.  

The Federal Trade Commission, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development are hosting a multinational workshop on "Securing Personal Data in the Global Economy" in Washington, D.C. on March 16-17, 2009. In anticipation of that workshop, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams LLP is releasing this white paper with ten key recommendations for data breach and information security policy, drawn from published research and extensive experience with data breaches, breach notices, and ...

On February 4, 2009 the Trilateral Committee on Transborder Data Flows met in Mexico City.  The committee is comprised of representatives from the Canadian, Mexican and U.S. governments and is part of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America.  The Trilateral Committee invited representatives from the private sector to give testimony on current and potential impediments to the free flow of personal data in North America.

The Centre for Information Policy Leadership’s Executive Director, Marty Abrams, brings you these thoughts on a recent data protection summit in Barcelona.

Harmonized international data protection rules have been privacy’s Holy Grail since the EU Directive was enacted in 1995. Harmonized, globally recognized rules would simplify life for privacy protection authorities and companies. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to create a harmonized code. The most recent, an international standards project led by the Spanish Data Protection Commissioner, began on January 12 as international privacy experts met in Barcelona. The Spanish Data Protection Commissioner leads the project, and the finished product — a harmonized privacy code that will be the basis for a data protection treaty— will be a center-piece of the 31st International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners on November 2009 in Madrid. 

The Barcelona meeting focused on a draft standards document developed by the Spanish Data Protection Authority, Agencia Espanola de Proteccion de Datos.  The document integrates many of the elements from the OECD Privacy Guidelines, Council of Europe Convention, EU Directive and APEC Privacy Framework.  In its 30 sections, the document recognizes almost every concept found in this existing guidance.